What type of research does the NSF commonly fund?

The National Science Foundation (NSF) is widely recognized for its broad commitment to advancing science and engineering research and education. This encompasses various fields within these domains, including fundamental research that leads to new knowledge, as well as projects that improve research infrastructure. The NSF aims to foster innovation in different scientific disciplines, particularly in areas that have the potential to lead to societal benefits.

This focus on scientific and engineering research enables the NSF to fund projects that contribute to the understanding of the physical world, natural phenomena, life sciences, computer science, and engineering principles. Additionally, the NSF invests in infrastructure such as laboratories, research facilities, and collaborative networks, which are essential to promote ongoing and future research. Therefore, the correct answer reflects the NSF's mission to support a wide range of scientific inquiry and engineering advancements, rather than being limited to just theoretical research or to specific sectors such as the humanities, arts, or corporate entities.